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- <text id=93TT0564>
- <title>
- Nov. 29, 1993: Striking A Grand Deal
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Nov. 29, 1993 Is Freud Dead?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SOUTH AFRICA, Page 43
- Striking A Grand Deal
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Mandela and De Klerk shake on a constitution
- </p>
- <p>By Marguerite Michaels--Reported by Scott MacLeod/Johannesburg
- </p>
- <p> Bleary-eyed as the clock ticked past midnight, the negotiators
- bargained over final details. At last, nine hours late, 19 men
- ascended the podium in the cavernous convention center and signed,
- one by one, a draft constitution giving equal rights to South
- Africans of every color. The last-minute delay was nothing to
- blacks who had waited generations for this moment. "We have
- reached the end of an era," declared a triumphant Nelson Mandela,
- leader of the African National Congress. President F.W. de Klerk
- agreed: "South Africa will never be the same again."
- </p>
- <p> That is the hope. The new law of the land is a package of compromises
- designed to bring full democracy and a long list of fundamental
- rights to 28 million increasingly impatient blacks, while assuring
- 5 million apprehensive whites that black rule will not threaten
- their lives and livelihoods. After elections scheduled for April
- 27, the country will be governed by a two-house parliament,
- one elected by proportional representation, the other by nine
- new provincial legislatures, that will write a permanent constitution.
- The President, chosen by the winning party, will oversee a Cabinet
- of 27 ministers, including representatives from any party that
- wins 5% of the vote. A powerful constitutional court will back
- up the guarantees of equal treatment for all.
- </p>
- <p> The fear is that this interim constitution, which puts in place
- a government of national unity for the next five years, will
- not fulfill its promise of a reasonable balance of power to
- those who distrust Mandela and the A.N.C. De Klerk called the
- draft "a product of compromise" that could be either "a charter
- for peace" or "a prescription for powermongering." Ominously,
- the Zulu-based Inkatha Freedom Party and several white separatist
- groups--which have rejected the negotiations, threatened to
- boycott the elections and even hinted at armed resistance--stayed away from the signing. They continue to insist that regions
- with strong ethnic composition be granted the right of autonomy
- or even total independence.
- </p>
- <p> To clinch the deal, De Klerk had to abandon demands for ironclad
- guarantees that whites and other minorities would share power
- indefinitely. He had sought a system in which whites would in
- effect have a permanent veto in such vital affairs of state
- as defense, foreign policy and the economy. But last week he
- gave up his insistence that the new coalition Cabinet could
- act only with a two-thirds vote. Instead the President will
- be required merely to consult the Cabinet in a "consensus-seeking"
- spirit.
- </p>
- <p> Concessions were made by the other side as well. Mandela's A.N.C.,
- a strong advocate of centralized government, agreed to a system
- that will provide a share in decision making to the nine provincial
- legislatures and police forces. And despite intense pressure
- to place A.N.C. supporters in government jobs, Mandela agreed
- not to throw 1.2 million employees of the white-dominated civil
- service out on the street.
- </p>
- <p> The interim constitution is a heartening milestone in South
- Africa's bloodied march toward democracy. At least 12,000 people
- have died in factional violence in the four years since Mandela
- was released from prison and De Klerk lifted the ban on the
- A.N.C. But shared power is not a South African tradition. With
- Mandela's A.N.C. enjoying a commanding lead in the pre-election
- polls, die-hard supporters of racial separation or ethnic self-determination
- must decide whether to accept the new government as a legitimate
- institution or work to undermine it.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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